還在為托福寫作煩惱嗎？必勝祕訣教戰（1）

我是Ben老師。今天我們來介紹托福寫作。托福寫作的題型基本上有兩種，相比其他例如speaking來講會簡單很多。只要掌握這兩種題型，並熟悉它們的破解方法，基本上就能輕鬆應對。

托福寫作的題型主要有整合性寫作（Integrated Writing）和學術討論題型（Academic Discussion Task）兩種。今天，先跟大家介紹整合性寫作。

題型介紹：整合性寫作（Integrated Writing）

第一題是萬年不變的整合性寫作。我們需要整合閱讀和聽力的資訊，變成一篇完整的寫作。

◎注意事項：這種題型完全不需要加入自己的意見，只需單純的摘要內容。關鍵在於如何抓住重點並建立清晰的框架。

◎準備方法：通常，閱讀部分會是一個偏學術性的主題，會介紹三個例子或理論。我們需要找出文章的主旨和這三個例子或理論的具體內容，並記在筆記上。

聽力部分由教授反駁閱讀的三個點，挑戰它們不能支持主題。我們要記下教授的反駁點，然後將閱讀和聽力互相交織，形成一個完整的答案。

考試時間：這題需在20分鐘內寫完250字。準備時間應該是充裕的，但如果框架不熟練，可能會在時間上有些壓力。

題型實際演練

接下來，我們通過實際演練來理解這種題型。

題目：

Reading （3 minutes）:

For years, people have been cutting down trees to provide the necessary materials to build homes and create various everyday items. However, due to population increases and the advent of new technology, clearing forests has become easier than ever. This has led to deforestation, a state in which large areas of nature are cleared of all trees. While some oppose deforestation, there are many benefits that help improve people’s lives.

The clearing of large areas of land has provided an abundance of farmland. In place of trees, large fields have been created which can be used to raise both crops and livestock. As the world population continues to increase, it’s crucial that enough food is produced for every single citizen. Not only do these new farms provide for local residents, but the local economy also benefits if they produce a surplus which can be exported to other areas.

Secondly, cleared land is not only used for farming, but for the development of new residential areas. As previously mentioned, the global population is rising, and with more people comes an increased demand for living space. This arrangement also benefits the regional economy. Investors buy up areas of land, employ locals to build homes and buildings, and a new urban area arises where people can live, work, and thrive.

Finally, it's important to remember that the forestry industry is an integral part of many national economies. In countries like Brazil, Thailand, and Indonesia, there is a large percentage of the population who rely on deforestation as a source of income. In order to satisfy the world's demand for paper, furniture, and lumber, thousands of jobs have already been created. What will happen to these workers if this industry is shut down?

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage. You have 20 minutes to write your answer.

答案：

The reading and the lecture are both about deforestation, the clearing and cutting down of trees in a large area. While the author of the article argues that there are many benefits to deforestation, the lecturer disputes the claims presented in the article. The lecturer’s position is that deforestation has many consequences, and attacks each of the claims made in the reading.

According to the reading, cutting down trees creates farmlands now suitable for growing crops and raising livestock. The author states that this provides more food for people and can benefit the economy. This argument is challenged by the lecturer, claiming that it is not necessary to destroy rainforests for land to farm. In addition, the lecturer points out that there are advanced technologies that allow for alternative ways to farm without soil.

Secondly, the author suggests that clearing the areas also provides residential space for people to live and work in; a concern as the population continues to increase. The lecturer, however, asserts that deforestation displaces the animals from the forest and destroys the plants which provide us with oxygen. He goes on to say that this long-term cost is not worth the money people can make from residential developments on the land.

Finally, the author puts forth the idea that cutting down trees is necessary for many national economies. The author contends that thousands of jobs have been created due to deforestation. In contrast, the lecturer’s stance is that those who work in the wood cutting industry are actually paid very small wages. He says that deforestation does not benefit the workers at all, but rather the large company owners.

老師講解：

當我們遇到這種整合性寫作時，我們要怎麼去準備呢？基本上，我們要做的就是把閱讀和聽力兩個資訊全部整合在一起。

★做筆記：閱讀和聽力的重點要抓出來。 利用框架的建立方法，知道我們的框架怎樣，需要哪些資訊，例如這裡可能需要一個main statement，這裡可能需要一個supporting argument等。

找出連接詞，通常連接詞後面會有我們需要的東西。例如，閱讀的第一段要找出主題和定義。

★抓重點： 例如，第一段的主旨是 deforestation，接下來是它的三個好處。我們找到deforestation和benefits of deforestation的資訊，後面三個段落的main statement和supporting statement也要找出來。

★聽力部分：我們一樣要找出每一段的main argument和supporting argument。例如，第一段的重點是it's not necessary to destroy rainforest for land to farm，抓住連接詞後面的重點，記下主要論點。第二段反駁residential areas的好處，指出deforestation的長期代價不值得。第三段反駁national economies的好處，指出工作人員的工資很低，並不真正受益於deforestation。（待續）◇

——轉載自「Candice先生留學家教團隊」https://candiceclass.com/ ◇